History of Japan
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Jomon (13000 - 300 BC)
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A) Era named for pottery
B) Population is hunter/gatherer
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Yayoi (300 BC - 300 AD)
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A) Era named for pottery
B) Agriculture introduced, probably from Korean Peninsula
C) Powerful land owners unite groups of people under them
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Kofun (300 - 710)
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A) Center of power developed in Kinai Plain
B) 400 AD, country united as Yamato Japan
C) Good relations with Korean kingdom allowed influence from mainland
D) Prince Shotoku encouraged import of Chinese culture
E) Prince Shotoku also wrote Constitution of Seventeen Articles describing morality and politics
F) 645, Fujiwara clan begin strong influence on nation
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Nara & Heian (710 - 1185)
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A) 710, first permanent capital established at Nara
B) 794, capital moved to Heian
C) High taxes forced migration to larger estates
D) Powerful estate owners gained immunity from taxes, leading to decline in revenues
E) Land owners hire samurai to protect property
F) Go-Sanjo could not be controlled by Fujiwara, becomes leader
G) Heiji rising (1159)
1) Struggle between two powerful families, Minamoto and Taira
2) Taira Kiyomori becomes leader
H) Gempei War (1180 - 1185)
1) Minamoto and Taira again at war
2) Minamoto Yuritomo emerges as ruler
3) Becomes shogun and establishes new government in Kamakura (1192)
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Kamakura (1192 - 1333)
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A) Quarrels between Kamakura Bakufu and Imperial family
B) 1221, Jokyu Distrurbance, Imperial army defeated at Kyoto
C) 1232, Joei Shikimoko legal code established
D) Mongol invasion
1) 1274, first invasion lasts only a few hours before Mongols pull back due to bad weather
2) 1281, second attempt is held at bay for several weeks due to Japanese preparations, Mongols again retreat
E) Go-Daigo overthrows government
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Muromachi (1333 - 1573)
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A) Ashikaga Takauji captures Kyoto and appoints self shogun
B) Land owning military families gain prominence, called daimyo
C) Portuguese and missionaries arrive
D) Oda Nobunaga captures Kyoto and overthrows Muromachi Bakufu by 1573
E) 1582, General Akechi murders Nobunaga and captures Azuchi castle
F) General Toyotomi Hideyoshi defeats Akechi and takes control
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Azuchi-Momoyama (1573 - 1603)
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A) Hideyoshi engages in weapon hunts and destroys castles built during civil wars
B) Issues edict expelling missionaries
C) Engages in expeditions against Korea, but fails
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Edo (1603 - 1867)
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A) 1600, Battle of Sekigahara, Tokugawa Ieyasu defeats Hideyori loyalists
B) Ieyasu appointed shogun and establishes government at Edo (modern Tokyo)
C) Daimyo now required to spend every other year at Edo to break up loyalties
D) 1615, destruction of Toyotomi clan and capture of Osaka Castle leaves Ieyasu with no rivals
E) Commodore Perry forces opening of ports
F) Natural disasters, riots against taxes, breakdown of social classes lead to downfall of Edo Japan
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Meiji (1868 - 1912)
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A) Emperor Meiji moved to Tokyo
B) Drastic reforms to modernize country
C) New school system modeled on France and Germany
D) Army modeled after Prussian forces
E) Navy based on British
F) Government investment in transportation and communication
G) Triple intervention by Russia, France, Germany after Sino-Japanese War intensified cause to arm
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Militarism & WWII (1912 - 1945)
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A) No info
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